Viesa

Viesa is an English code I made. I originally created it in April 2018, and I have been slowly updating it ever since. It is written with the Cyrillic alphabet and has a few grammatical modifications, like an ending you put on verbs to mark the future tense.

Виеса ба ун Англеш кида ма мукап. Ма ипеџенули краутап на ен Упрел 2018, унд ма хува ба сливли опдута на авар сенса. На ба вретан већ ђа Сирелек улфубат унд хува у фав грумутекул мидефекушеинес, лека ун анденг ја пот ин варбес ти мурк ђа фочора танса.

Guide

This guide will present the romanized version of Viesa, as it makes learning Viesa easier. The Cyrillic version of Viesa will be presented later.

The Vowel Shift

The main rule in Viesa is that the vowels are shifted one step back. This means:

• "a" becomes "u".
• "e" becomes "a".
• "i" becomes "e".
• "o" becomes "i".
• "u" becomes "o".

The vowels are pronounced as in Spanish or the IPA. The rest is pronounced the same as in the original English word, apart from "r", which is tapped. Examples:

• height -> haeght (the silent "gh" remains silent)
• motion -> mitein (the "t" is still pronounced as a "sh")

Other Rules

"ce" and "co" become "sa" and "ki" respectively, instead of "ca" and "ci". (come -> kima, not "cima")

"ay", "ey", "oy", and "uy" become "ug", "ag", "ig", and "og" respectively, instead of "uy", "ay", "iy", and "oy". (boy -> big, not "biy")

"w" becomes "v". (water -> vutar, not "wutar")

Verbs

All verbs become their infinitive form without "to". (I am a boy. = Ma ba u big. (literally: I be a boy.))

"Be able to" simply becomes "can". (I am able to sleep. = Ma cun slaap.)

Continuous verbs are made by placing "ba" before the verb. (Ma ba aut. = I am eating.) Perfect verbs are made by placing "huva" before the verb. (Ma huva aut. = I have eaten.)

Questions

Yes/no questions are formed by placing "di" at the beginning of a sentence. (Di ya ba aut? = Are you eating?).

Other questions are formed as if they were "indirect questions". (Vhut ya ba aut? = What are you eating? (literally: What you are eating?))

Suffixes

Viesa has a few suffixes. These suffixes and their usage are listed below:

• p/ep: past tense suffix
• s/es: plural suffix
• sh/esh: future tense suffix
• k/ek: genetive suffix (goes on the noun itself rather than the end of the noun phrase)
• g/eg: negative suffix

Note that tense suffixes always come before the negative suffixes. (I will not sleep = Ma slaapesheg, not "Ma slaapegesh")

Pronouns

Viesa has a different pronoun system. The pronouns are listed in the table below:

Pronouns	Singular	Plural
First	ma (I/me)	va (we/us)
Second	ya (you)	ga (you all)
Third	na (he/him/she/her/it)	da (they/them)

Possessive pronouns are made with the genetive suffix. Reflexive pronouns are simply made by placing "salf" after the pronoun.

Examples

• The boy's dogs played. = Tha bigek diges plugep.
• The dog in the mud's bone = Tha digek en tha mod bina (not "Tha dig en tha modek bina")
• We will go. = Va gish.
• They did not see the dog. = Da saapeg tha dig.
• You won't be able to leave. = Ya cunesheg lauva.

Writing in Cyrillic

Writing Viesa in Cyrillic is not manditory. However, when I write in Viesa, I typically use Cyrillic to make the text look less like English. Each Cyrillic character and their pronunciation is listed in the table below:

Letter	Pronunciation
Аа	/a/
Бб	/b/
Чч	/ʧ/
Дд	/d/
Ее	/e/
Фф	/f/
Гг	/g/
Хх	/h/
Ии	/i/
Џџ	/ʤ/
Кк	/k/
Лл	/l/
Мм	/m/
Нн	/n/
Оо	/o/
Пп	/p/
Рр	/r/
Сс	/s/
Шш	/ʃ/
Тт	/t/
Уу	/u/
Вв	/v/
Јј	/j/
Зз	/z/
Жж	/ʒ/
Ћћ	/θ/
Ђђ	/ð/

Double letters are not used. /ŋ/ is written <нг>, or <н> before /k/ or /g/.

Examples

• Halli! (Hello!) = Хали!
• Ma leka thut sing. (I like that song.) = Ма лека ђут синг.
• Na ba vaur penk. (He is wearing pink.) = На ба ваур пенк.
• Vak nutein ba string. (Our nation is strong.) = Вак нушеин ба стринг.

Links

• nuta Ta snuka (Incomplete and outdated ranslation of the longest joke in the world)
• Tike Pinu (Viesa for Toki Pona, based on an old version of Viesa)
• Vikesa ("dialect" of Viesa 2.0 made by jan Aleke)
• Viesa 1.0